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In this activity, learners discover the primary physical properties used to separate pure substances from mixtures.

In this activity, learners discuss the different salinities of oceans, rivers and estuaries.

In this demonstration, learners observe the effects of density and pressure. A "diver" constructed out of a piece of straw and Blu-Tack will bob inside a bottle filled with water.

Learners observe working lava lamps to understand how they work (included in PDF link).

In this activity, learners build a hot air balloon using just a few sheets of tissue paper and a hair dryer.

In this activity, learners make their own heat waves in an aquarium.

In this activity, learners are challenged to design a planktonic organism that will neither float like a cork nor sink like a stone.

In this activity, learners build a speedboat using paint paddles, a propeller, and film canister. Learners attach a simple circuit and motor to the boat to power the propellers.

In this chemistry activity, learners use spaghetti to explore density and chemical reactions.

It's difficult to see convection currents in any liquid that's undergoing a temperature change, but in this Exploratorium Science Snack, you can see the currents with the help of food coloring.

Learners create three solutions with different levels of salinity. They compare the density of these solutions by coloring them and layering them in a clear plastic cup and in a soda bottle.

In this quick and easy activity and/or demonstration, learners illustrate the effect of the weight of air over our heads.

In this two-part activity, learners investigate buoyancy, density and surface area as well as biodiversity and the relationship between the structure and function of organisms.

Making liquids of different densities to perfectly lay on top of each other can be a frustrating exercise. The Exploratorium created this activity as a fool proof way of making a density column.

In this physics activity, learners will explore buoyancy.

Build a hydrometer (measures the density of a liquid) using a pipet or eyedropper.

Learners assemble a hot-air balloon from tissue paper. The heated air (from a heat gun) inside the balloon is less dense than the surrounding air and causes the balloon to float.

In this chemistry activity, learners explore density by using four solids and 6 liquids to create colorful, layered rows.

Focus sound through a balloon! In this Exploratorium activity, you'll use dry ice to create a balloon that's a sound lens.

In this hands-on activity, learners make the world's simplest Cartesian diver, using only a plastic bottle, some water, and a condiment packet.